Fungal interactions of co-cultures in the degradation of industrial dyes

Abstract

This study explores the possible microbial interactions between two species that have the potential to be exploited in the degradation of industrial dyes.The antagonism index (AI) of four distinct fungal strains was evaluated within two co-cultures (Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Aspergillus niger, Trametes versicolor and Trichoderma sp.) in culture media enriched with industrial dyes. The main interaction in the co-cultures was type A, deadlock at contact, except for Trichoderma sp. which exhibited antagonistic behavior and partial replacement interactions. The fungal co-cultures demonstrated a higher affinity for the degradation of blue and black dyes, azo dyes, phthalocyanine, and anthraquinone. The co-culture of P. chrysosporium and A. niger exhibited no antagonistic interactions, suggesting a mutual inhibition pattern that maintained strain compatibility. In the given context, it is proposed that the strains in fungal co-cultures exhibit a range of responses that are contingent upon their metabolic capabilities. These responses may include the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide, and the presence of intracellular and extracellular enzymes. These enzymes have the potential to be utilized in the degradation of industrial dyes. Fungal co-cultures have been demonstrated to be both suitable and viable systems for the treatment of water colored with industrial dyes.